George W Bush's statement:
Laura and I are anguished by the brutal suffocation of George Floyd and disturbed by the injustice and fear that suffocate our country. Yet we have resisted the urge to speak out, because this is not the time for us to lecture. It is time for us to listen. It is time for America to examine our tragic failures – and as we do, we will also see some of our redeeming strengths.
It remains a shocking failure that many African Americans, especially young African American men, are harassed and threatened in their own country. It is a strength when protesters, protected by responsible law enforcement, march for a better future. This tragedy — in a long series of similar tragedies — raises a long overdue question: How do we end systemic racism in our society? The only way to see ourselves in a true light is to listen to the voices of so many who are hurting and grieving. Those who set out to silence those voices do not understand the meaning of America — or how it becomes a better place.
America’s greatest challenge has long been to unite people of very different backgrounds into a single nation of justice and opportunity. The doctrine and habits of racial superiority, which once nearly split our country, still threaten our Union. The answers to American problems are found by living up to American ideals — to the fundamental truth that all human beings are created equal and endowed by God with certain rights. We have often underestimated how radical that quest really is, and how our cherished principles challenge systems of intended or assumed injustice. The heroes of America — from Frederick Douglass, to Harriet Tubman, to Abraham Lincoln, to Martin Luther King, Jr. — are heroes of unity. Their calling has never been for the fainthearted. They often revealed the nation’s disturbing bigotry and exploitation — stains on our character sometimes difficult for the American majority to examine. We can only see the reality of America’s need by seeing it through the eyes of the threatened, oppressed, and disenfranchised.
That is exactly where we now stand. Many doubt the justice of our country, and with good reason. Black people see the repeated violation of their rights without an urgent and adequate response from American institutions. We know that lasting justice will only come by peaceful means. Looting is not liberation, and destruction is not progress. But we also know that lasting peace in our communities requires truly equal justice. The rule of law ultimately depends on the fairness and legitimacy of the legal system. And achieving justice for all is the duty of all.
This will require a consistent, courageous, and creative effort. We serve our neighbors best when we try to understand their experience. We love our neighbors as ourselves when we treat them as equals, in both protection and compassion. There is a better way — the way of empathy, and shared commitment, and bold action, and a peace rooted in justice. I am confident that together, Americans will choose the better way.
https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/02/politics/george-w-bush-statement-on-george-floyd/index.html
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
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enforcement meaning 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳貼文
[時事英文] 死亡率(mortality rate)*、壓平曲線(flattening the curve)、活動限制 (lockdown):如何理解這些術語?
Language goes beyond a sealed system governed by a rigid set of rules. To fully understand the meaning of a word, one must look further than connotation and denotation, and also take context into consideration. In this case, one needs to examine the social, political, economic, and even statistical contexts of the terms.
語言並非只是受嚴密規則所約束的封閉系統。為了充分理解一個單詞的意涵,我們不僅要瞭解其本義與引申義,同時還要考慮整個語境。在此一情況下,應要考察社會、政治、經濟甚至統計上的語境。
Does “confirmed cases,” for example, mean the same thing in every country before and during the coronavirus outbreak? What about “lockdowns”? Does it mean that the government is advising people to stay home or is someone nailing your door shut? Some food for thought when reading about the coronavirus outbreak.
例如,在冠狀病毒爆發前以及爆發期間,「確診病例」在各國是否具有相同的含義?那麼,封鎖呢?這是否意味著政府正建議人們留在家中,抑或有人正把你家大門釘上?以上是在閱讀疫情的相關資訊時所引人深思的一些事情。
*同學好心的補充說明:「mortality rate」通常指的是死亡率,而「fatality rate」則是(因罹患某疾病)致死率。兩者都是重要的死亡指標,但計算公式不相同。
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《紐約時報》報導:
Making sense of the coronavirus pandemic requires getting up to speed on semantics as much as epidemiology. Government officials and health care professionals toss off mentions of mortality rates, flattening the curve and lockdowns, assuming that we know what they mean. But the terms mean different things from country to country, state to state, even city to city and person to person. Officials use the same phrases about mass testing, caseloads and deaths to describe very different situations. That makes it hard to give clear answers to vital questions: How bad are things? Where are they headed?
1. make sense of… 理解……
2. get up to speed on 了解最新情況;跟上進度
3. toss off 輕而易舉地處理*
弄懂新型冠狀病毒大流行,既需要了解流行病學的最新情況,也需要在語義學上跟上形勢。「死亡率」、「壓平曲線」和「活動限制」等說法從政府官員和公共衛生專業人士的嘴裡脫口而出,他們假設大家都知道這些詞的意思。但對不同的國家、不同的州,甚至不同的城市和個人來說,這些術語有著不同的含義。 官員們使用「大規模檢測」、「病例數」和「死亡病例數」等相同的措辭,來描繪非常不同的情況。這令一些重要的問題難以得到明確的回答:情況有多糟糕?正在向什麼方向發展?
toss off: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/toss%20off
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People search for insight by comparing their countries to those that are further along in the epidemic. But if the terms are misleading or used in differing ways, the comparisons are flawed. Also, the statistics and vocabulary offer a false sense of precision while in reality, the information we have shows only a fraction of what’s going on. “The new cases or deaths each day are given as exact numbers, and we’re trained to take that at face value,” said Mark N. Lurie, an epidemiologist at Brown University’s School of Public Health. “But those are far from exact, they’re deeply flawed, and their meaning varies from place to place and from time period to time period.”
4. be further along in 在……上走得更深遠
5. at face value 根據外表;從表面上看
人們將自己的國家與那些經歷了疫情更多階段的國家進行比較,以求了解情況。但是,如果這些詞語使人產生誤解,或在使用方式上存在差異的話,這種比較就是錯誤的。此外,這些統計數據和詞彙給人以精準的假象,而現實是,我們所掌握的信息僅代表冰山一角。「每天的新增病例數或死亡人數都是以精準數字的形式通報的,我們被訓練成只看這些表面數字。」布朗大學公共衛生學院流行病學家馬克・盧裡說。「但這些數字遠非精準,而且有嚴重缺陷,它們的含義因不同的時間和地點而不同。」
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I. Confirmed Cases 確診病例
Countries vary wildly in testing for the virus and how they report the numbers, and experts say most infections are going undetected. So the publicized national tallies are rough, incomplete pictures that may not be all that comparable. And that’s if countries are forthcoming about their data.
6. vary wildly in 在……上有極大的差異*
7. publicize 公布;宣傳
8. national tallies 國家的統計數據
9. incomplete pictures 不完整的狀況
10. forthcoming 樂於幫助的
各國在病毒檢測以及通報數字的方式上有很大差異,而且專家們說,大多數感染都沒有被發現。因此,各國公布的只是粗略的數據,這些並不完整的描繪也許沒有多少可比性。這還是在假設各國願意提供數據的情況下。
wildly: https://bit.ly/2wkgPjo
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Officials in the United States say that China, which has reported more than 82,000 infections, has understated its epidemic. Until this week, the Chinese government excluded those patients who tested positive for the virus but had no symptoms. China also doesn’t say how many tests it has conducted, and doubts have been raised about whether it has tested extensively in Xinjiang, the province where it holds hundreds of thousands of Muslims in indoctrination camps. The Covid Tracking Project, run by The Atlantic, has tried to compile all the numbers in the United States and reports more than 1.2 million tests so far, over 3,600 per million people.
11. understate 未如實陳述;避重就輕地說
12. exclude 把……排除在外
13. indoctrination camps 再教育營
14. run by 由……經營
中國通報的累計確診病例超過8萬2千例,美國官員說,中國淡化了國內的疫情。直到本週前,中國政府一直把病毒檢測呈陽性但沒有癥狀的感染者不納入確診病例。中國也未公開接受檢測的人數,而且外界已對中國是否在新疆進行了大規模檢測表示懷疑,中國在那裡把數十萬穆斯林關進了拘禁營。《大西洋月刊》的新冠肺炎追蹤計劃試圖匯總美國的所有數據,它統計到的數字是,美國迄今為止進行了逾120萬例檢測,平均每百萬人超過3600例。
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II. Widespread Testing 大規模檢測
It matters not only how many people are tested, but also when, and who they are. Once again, countries differ, shaping what the numbers mean. A few countries, like South Korea, Australia and Singapore, got serious about mass testing early on. They used the information to do ambitious contact-tracing — finding and testing those who had recently been near infected people, even if they had no symptoms.
15. it matters 重要的是
16. not only……, but also…… 不僅……,而且……
17. get serious about 認真對待某事
18. early on 在早期
重要的不只是多少人做了檢測,檢測時間和檢測對象也很重要。各國在檢測時間和對象上也有不同,這讓數字的含義也有所不同。韓國、澳洲和新加坡等少數國家很早就開始認真地進行大規模檢測。他們利用這些信息嚴格追蹤接觸者,也就是找到並檢測那些親密接觸者,即使他們沒有癥狀。
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But most nations with large numbers of cases have done less testing, waited longer to do it in bulk, and made little attempt at contact tracing. They find themselves playing catch-up with the virus, ramping up testing after their outbreaks had already mushroomed. They detect more cases, but by then it’s hard to tell how much of that growth is the expanding epidemic and how much is expanding surveillance. Unable to meet the demand, they often limit testing to the sickest patients and health workers.
19. in bulk 大量
20. make little attempt 幾乎未做嘗試
21. ramp up 增加*
22. mushroom (v.) 迅速增長;迅速發展*
23. meet the demand 滿足需求
24. limit……to 將……限制在……
但大多數存在大量確診病例的國家進行的檢測數量都比較少,都是等了更長時間後才開始進行大規模檢測,而且對追蹤接觸者的工作幾乎未做嘗試。這些國家發現自己在拚命追趕病毒的傳播,在疫情迅速蔓延後才加大了檢測力度。這些國家都檢測到了更多的病例,但此時已很難判斷新增病例中有多少是疫情不斷擴大的結果,有多少是擴大疫情監測的結果。由於無法滿足檢測需求,這些國家通常只能對病情最嚴重的患者以及衛生工作者做檢測。
ramp up: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ramp-up
mushroom: https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/mushroom
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III. Fatality Rates 致死率
It has been stated time and again: Italy and Spain have high mortality rates among coronavirus patients, Germany’s is low, and China’s is somewhere between. It may not be that simple. Counting the dead is as flawed and inconsistent as counting the infected. Recent reports say that mortuaries in Wuhan, China, where the disease was first discovered, have ordered thousands more urns than usual, suggesting a much higher death toll than the city’s official count, 2,535. The outbreaks in Wuhan, and parts of Italy and Spain, overwhelmed hospitals, forcing many sick people to ride it out at home. No one knows how many people have recovered or died without ever being tested. And if only the sickest patients are tested, then the number of infections will appear smaller and the percentage who die will seem higher.
25. time and again 屢次;一再
26. as flawed and inconsistent as 像……一樣存在缺陷與不一致
27. mortuary 停屍間(太平間)
28. urn 骨灰罈
29. suggest 暗示*
30. death toll 死亡人數
31. to ride it out 安然渡過(難關)*
一個反覆提及的說法是:義大利和西班牙的新冠病毒肺炎患者死亡率高,德國的低,中國的居中。情況也許並不那麼簡單。統計死亡人數和統計感染人數一樣存在缺陷和不一致的地方。最近有報導稱,武漢的殯儀館訂購的骨灰盒數比該市官方統計的2535例死亡高出好幾千,表明死亡人數遠高於官方公布的數字。新冠病毒最早就是在這座城市發現的。武漢以及義大利和西班牙部分地區的疫情使醫院不堪重負,許多患者被迫在家中渡過難關。沒人知道究竟有多少人在從未做檢測的情況下康復或死亡。如果只對病情最嚴重的患者做檢測的話,感染人數看上去會更低,而死亡率看起來將更高。
suggest: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/suggest
ride sth out: https://bit.ly/2Rd6Tj6
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IV. The Peak 疫情高峰
Officials often talk about when the epidemic peaks or plateaus — when a country “flattens the curve.” But they rarely specify, the peak of what? And how can we be sure we’re past it? When an outbreak is growing unchecked, more people become infected and more die each day than the day before. On a graph, the curve showing the daily count of new cases has gone from rising sharply to moving sideways — the curve has flattened — and even begun to move downward. That is one corner being turned: The rate of the spread of the virus has slowed down. It takes longer to turn another: the rate of people dying.
32. from rising sharply to moving sideways 從急劇上升到橫向移動
33. turn the corner 好轉;度過難關*
官員們經常提疫情何時達到高峰或進入平台期,也就是一個國家「壓平曲線」的時候。但他們很少具體說明是什麼達到了高峰,以及我們怎麼能確定高峰已過?當疫情不受控制地發展時,每天的感染和死亡人數都比前一天多。曲線圖上顯示的每天新增病例數從急劇上升變得趨於平緩——曲線已被壓平——甚至開始下降。這是一個轉折點:病毒的傳播速度已經放緩。度過死亡人數的轉折點則需要更長的時間。
turn the corner: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/turn%20the%20corner
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But even when those curves flatten, the epidemic still has not “peaked” by another crucial measure: the number of active cases. That figure continues to rise until the number of patients who either die or recover each day is larger than the number of new infections. To ease the staggering load on health care systems, the active cases curve must also flatten and then fall.
34. peak (v.) 使……達到頂峰
35. either……or…… 不是……就是……
36. staggering 沉重的;巨大的
但是,即使這些曲線已趨於平緩,疫情的另一個重要衡量指標——現存確診病例數——仍未達到「峰值」。在每天的死亡或康復患者人數超過新增感染人數之前,這個數字還將繼續上升。為緩解衛生系統的沉重負擔,現存確診病例數的曲線也必須先趨平,然後下降。
peak: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/peak_2
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V. Lockdowns 封鎖(活動限制)
More than two billion people, including most Americans, are living under something usually called a lockdown. But there is no set definition of that word — or related terms like stay-at-home mandates and social distancing — so the details differ from place to place. The biggest differences may be in enforcement. Some places, like those in the United States with lockdowns, mostly rely on people to follow the rules without coercion. But Italy and others have deployed soldiers to ensure compliance, and French police have fined hundreds of thousands of people for violating restrictions. China, in addition to using security forces, mobilized an army of volunteers, ratcheting up social pressure to obey.
37. set definition 固定的定義
38. enforcement 實施;執行
39. rely on 仰賴;依靠
40. deploy 部署
41. compliance 服從
42. fine 處……以罰款(或罰金)
43. in addition to 除了……之外
44. mobilize 動員
45. ratchet sth up/down 逐步增加/減少
全球有20多億人,包括大多數美國人正生活在一般被稱為「活動限制」的狀態下。但這個詞沒有固定的定義,其他的相關說法,比如政府的「待在家裡」和「保持社交距離」令也沒有明確的定義,所以各地的具體做法也不一樣。最大的不同可能在執行方面。有些地方,比如美國有限制令的地方,主要依靠人們自覺遵守,而非強制。但義大利等國為確保限制令的落實而動用了軍隊,法國警方還對數已十萬計的違反禁令者處以罰款。中國除了使用安全部隊外,還動員了一支志願者大軍來加大服從封鎖隔離措施的社會壓力。
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Italy’s experience shows the looseness of the term. It has gone through several phases of restrictions, applying them to more people, making them stricter and increasing enforcement. A few weeks ago, a person could travel around Italy for a valid work or family reason. Now, people are fined for nonessential walking too far from their homes. But each stage was widely called by the same name: lockdown.
46. looseness 鬆散
47. valid 確鑿的;合理的;有根據的;讓人信服的
義大利的經歷表明了這個詞語解釋上的自由。義大利的封鎖令經歷了幾個階段,適用範圍擴大到越來越多的人,封鎖及其執行也變得越來越嚴格。幾週前,人們還可以因為正當的工作或家庭原因在義大利旅行。現在,人們會因不必要的離家太遠的走動而被罰款。但禁令的每個階段用的都是同一個泛泛的名稱:活動限制。
《紐約時報》完整報導:https://nyti.ms/2XcCUeT
圖片出處:https://fxn.ws/34gwSeH
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時事英文大全:http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
如何使用「時事英文」:https://bit.ly/3a9rr38
#疫情英文
enforcement meaning 在 素顏天使 PLAINFACE ANGEL Facebook 的最佳貼文
睇留言。
//..車長點會唔知咩事? 先唔講每個車廂平時攞黎睇下你有無飲食個兩部閉仔,西鐵車長每次閂門都會行出月台望 直到車箱門閂左 佢駕駛室度門先會閂 所以每次撘車都會聽到兩次閂門聲
仲有 車站月台無老閉,站長唔知乜事簡直係笑話
呢段錄音所有野都好似平行時空咁
咁樣既對話咪啫係叫市民自己搞掂算?
港鐵對乘客既Duty of care 呢?價就識加!..//
有關 7 月 21 日(星期日)於元朗站的暴力事件,以及一羣車務人員的抗議訊息
Summary on the violent acts in Yuen Long Station on 21/Jul (Sun) and the joint petition by operating staff
於 2245 時,西鐵綫元朗站職員發現車站大堂有人展示標語,在表達訴求期出現爭執,繼而有乘客遇襲,因此即時通知車務控制中心召喚 香港警察 Hong Kong Police 到場
期間,車站消防警報系統曾被人啟動,亦有在場人士同時自行致電 999 求助;奈何警方良久未有到場,只有消防處救護員抵達治理傷者
由於車務人員當時已無法確保乘客安全,更有車站職員被人打傷,故此車務控制中心迅速安排元朗站關閉,並開出空車接載於站內的乘客離開現場
而當時月台 1 - 往屯門已有一列如常接載乘客、並非特別安排的班車,但車門因人羣的衝突而失靈,車上多人按動緊急通話器,令車廂的牽引系統鎖死,未能成功載客開出,而要先停止服務
雖然車務控制中心於 2319 時開始,重新安排所有列車於元朗站上落乘客,讓乘客繼續乘搭列車離開打鬥現場
及至 2350 時,緊急服務人員需要於車站內作蒐證,並治理傷者,因此元朗站再次需要關閉,控制中心亦有即時再安排列車接走受影響的乘客
港鐵公司行政總裁金澤培博士強烈譴責在鐵路範圍發生的暴力事件,並將全力配合執法機關的調查。同時代表港鐵公司,向受傷的乘客致以深切慰問
乘客若於 7 月 21 日(星期日)晚在西鐵綫元朗站範圍內不幸受傷,可於下列途徑查詢:
郵遞至 香港郵政總局信箱9916號 📨
傳真至 2795 9991 📠
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At 2245 hours, staff who were on duty at Yuen Long Station on the West Rail Line have noticed that when some members of the public were displaying banners in the station concourse, there were quarrels and assaults breaking out simultaneously and passengers were injured. Hong Kong Police was immediately requested to attend the scene by the Operations Control Centre
During the course, the station fire alert had also been activated, with various reports made separately to the 999 hotline by other members of the public at the scene. Paramedics of the Fire Services Department arrived promptly to provide assistance to those who were injured; however, the police was nowhere to be seen for a prolonged period
Because the operating staff could no longer ensure the safety of passengers and also due to the fact that some station staff had been physically assaulted, the Operations Control Centre quickly arranged Yuen Long Station was to be closed straightaway while dispatching an empty train to pick up those passengers who were still at the station
At the time, there was a normal, timetabled service 08 standing at Platform 1 - to Tuen Mun. However, the doors being blocked then failed during the incident and the multiple Passenger Alarm Devices being operated had caused a traction system lock-up on this train, meaning this service had to be withdrawn
Although the Operations Control Centre had instructed all services to resume calling at Yuen Long Station from 2319 hours in order to enable passengers to leave the violent scene
The emergency services had to investigate the incident inside the station and to assist those who were injured. As a result, Yuen Long Station had to be closed again after 2350 hours, while the Operations Control Centre continued to arrange train services to pick up the affected passengers
Dr Jacob Kam, the Chief Executive Officer of the MTR Corporation, strongly condemns the violent acts that took place on the railway premises and the Corporation shall fully co-operate with the investigation by the law enforcement authorities. On behalf of the MTR Corporation, he has also offers his sincere wishes for the speedy recovery of the injured passengers
Passengers are welcomed to make enquires by following methods If you are injured at 21/Jul (Sun) night in West Rail Line Yuen Long Station:
Mailing Address
MTR Corporation Limited, GPO Box 9916, Hong Kong 📨
Fax
2795 9991 📠
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此外, MTR Service Update 現提供版面予車務人員刊出抗議訊息:
香港都未發生過有人衝入鐵路處所毆鬥的事件,應變程序都係假設全部香港人會守法搭車,車務人員唔係保安,都無其他國家啲鐵路有武警去監視乘客一舉一動,依家有無人值守大堂同無人駕駛列車,應該報警之後,警察係最快到場
唔好講站長、車長唔知邊啲人原來係黑底,邊個組織咩事忽然衝入嚟打人,記者、救護員都俾人扑頭
警察唔派人行咇,屯門、元朗、天水圍啲差館一早落埋閘唔俾人報案,打 999 又 cut 綫叫你:「驚就咪出街啦!」市民收工返屋企都唔得呀 ?
(按:☎️ 999 熱綫由警務處運作,只會於有需要時方轉介消防處安排救護服務)
職員點手無寸鐵出去做超人一個打十個,除咗控制室道鋼門外,月台值班亭、客務中心全部玻璃一打就爛,客務中心外判又唔知保險包幾多,依家仲真係有同事俾人拖出去,又有同事受傷添
我地依家嚴正質問香港鐵路有限公司、香港警察,有乜野措施可以保障乘客、職員安全,喺未有措施保障大家安全之前,唔反對良心罷工令鐵路停駛
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Furthermore, MTR Service Update would like to use this opportunity to publish the joint petition by operating staff:
There has been no precedence of railway premises being turned into the scene of bashing; the standing procedure assumes that Hong Kongers would observe the law when they travel on the MTR. Station staff are no substitutes of professional security and unlike some countries, the police is not here to monitor every single act of the passengers. Nevertheless, the police should be the first to arrive at the scene when they have been requested, especially now when there are unmanned station concourses and driverless trains
Station staff and the Train Captain were unlikely to be aware of the possible background of the attackers or the organisations they potentially associate with; not to mention the fact that even journalists and paramedics had also been hit in the head
There have been no police officers patrolling, the police stations in Tuen Mun, Yuen Long and Tin Shui Wai were closed and the general public had even been advised by the 999 hotline operators to not leave their properties if they felt unsafe. Is it too much to ask for those who would like to go home after work, feeling safe?
(Note : ☎️ the 999 hotline is operated by Hong Kong Police, they would only refer calls to Fire Services Department when ambulance service is needed)
Apart from the steel door of the Station Control Room, no matter how well the staff practise self-defence or even martial art, we have to face the fact that the glasses at the platform booths and Customer Service Centres could easily be breached and that there is a lack of clarity on the insurance
We are here to ask the #MTR Corporation and Hong Kong Police seriously what measures they have to guarantee passengers' and staff safety. We support strike actions if they don't have any
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